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        <h1>REDD PLUS MALAYSIA</h1>
        <p class="breadcrumb"><a href="{{ url('/') }}">Home</a> / About / REDD Plus Malaysia</p>
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                <h2>UNFCCC and REDD Plus</h2>
                <p>In 1992, countries adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)</p>
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        </div> as a response to the problem of global warming. In 1997, they adopted the Kyoto Protocol. The ultimate objective of both treaties is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.</p>
        <p>The UNFCCC agenda item on "Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries and approaches to stimulate action" was first introduced into the COP agenda at its 11th session in Montreal (December 2005).</p>

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                <div class="timeline-year">1972</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">Malaysia's National Forest Inventory (NFI) is established. The NFMS has been updated every 10 years since</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">1992</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">Malaysia pledges to maintain 50% land mass as forest at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">2007</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">Formulation and adoption of the REDD mechanism by the UNFCCC COP13 in Bali</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">2011</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">REDD Plus Malaysia is established</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">2014</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">First Forest Reference Level (FRL) is submitted to UNFCCC</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">2016</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">REDD Plus Safeguards Summary of Information submitted to UNFCCC</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">2017</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">Malaysia's National REDD Plus Strategy is published</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">2020</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">REDD Plus Finance Framework (RFF) is endorsed by the Malaysian Cabinet</div>
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                <div class="timeline-year">2021</div>
                <div class="timeline-desc">REDD Plus Safeguards Information System (SIS) operational. Malaysia Forest Fund (MFF) is set up</div>
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        <h2>REDD Plus Malaysia</h2>
        <p>Following the developments above, the COP has adopted a number of decisions on REDD Plus. The core elements stemming from the Decision 1/CP 16 requested all developing countries, including Malaysia, to undertake the following:</p>
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            <li>A national strategy or action plan</li>
            <li>A national forest reference emission level (NFRL) and/or forest reference level (FRL)</li>
            <li>A robust and transparent national forest monitoring system (NFMS)</li>
            <li>A system for providing information on how the social and environmental safeguards are being addressed</li>
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        <p>It further requests developing countries to address drivers of deforestation, land tenure issues, forest governance, gender considerations and safeguards.</p>
        <p>In response, Malaysia has so far achieved:</p>
        <ul>
            <li>A National REDD Plus Strategy (2017)</li>
            <li>A National Forest Reference Level (NFRL)</li>
            <li>A National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS)</li>
            <li>Malaysia's Safeguards Information System (MY-SIS)</li>
        </ul>

        <h2>Warsaw Framework on REDD Plus</h2>
        <p>In December 2013, during COP 19, seven important decisions have been adopted, jointly known as the "Warsaw Framework on REDD-plus":</p>
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            <li>Results-based payment (RBP)</li>
            <li>Coordination of support for implementation</li>
            <li>Modalities for national forest monitoring systems</li>
            <li>Presenting information on safeguards</li>
            <li>Technical assessment of reference (emission) levels</li>
            <li>Modalities for measuring, reporting and verifying (MRV)</li>
            <li>Information on addressing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation</li>
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        <h2>Eligible activities for REDD Plus implementation</h2>
        <p>Actions which achieve the following outcomes are eligible:</p>
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            <li>Reducing emissions from deforestation</li>
            <li>Reducing emissions from forest degradation</li>
            <li>Conservation of forest carbon stocks</li>
            <li>Sustainable management of forests</li>
            <li>Enhancement of forest carbon stocks</li>
        </ul>

        <h2>Paris Agreement</h2>
        <p>All these efforts are linking REDD Plus back to Article 5 of the Paris Agreement, which states that Parties should take action to conserve and enhance sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases, including forests.</p>
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