The Decision 2/CP.15 of the UNFCCC countries are requested to develop national forest monitoring systems (NFMS) that support the functions of measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of actions and achievements of the implementation of REDD+ activities.

Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) framework involves a collaboration of multi-agencies. National experts developed the procedures and modalities for activity data generation and monitoring. Likewise, emission factors are derived from the National Forest Inventory and permanent sampling plots.

In this sense, accurate MRV of REDD Plus actions is vital to making sure that the overall mechanism delivers results in terms of emissions reductions. Whenever a REDD Plus action is undertaken, its results are verified by:

1measuring its impact in terms of reducing emissions
2monitoring the action or project with the aid of the National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS)
3reporting these results through submissions to the UNFCCC
4applying a domestic verification process

The MRV framework for REDD Plus achieves these functions by pooling the resources of agencies at the national and state levels.

MRV Institution Functions

MRV Function	Institution	Function
Measurement	Forest Research Institute Malaysia Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Forestry Department Forest Department Sarawak	Periodic ground based measurement through the National Forest Inventory Growth and Yield Plots and research plots Technical advisory on reference levels/ emission factors
Monitoring	Remote Sensing Department Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM) Sabah Forestry Department Sarawak Forest Department State Departments of Agriculture	Updating National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) land use maps
Reporting	NRES Forest Research Institute Malaysia Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Forestry Department Sarawak Forest Department	Reference levels and periodic submissions to UNFCCC (NRES) Maintaining a technical annex for results based payments (NRES)
Verification	Malaysia Timber Certification Council (MTCC) LULUCF Experts Working Group	Implement domestic verification processes through the forest certification Verification of results
Biennial Update Report – International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) Process	UNFCCC

National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS)

The NFMS provides the technical backbone for MRV, integrating satellite monitoring, ground-based inventory, and data management systems to track forest carbon stocks and emissions over time.